Tratamiento multidisciplinario de condrosarcoma gigante de fémur proximal mediante hemipelvectomía externa y reconstrucción con colgajo pediculado tipo fillet flap: presentación de un caso clínico / Multidisciplinary treatment of giant chondrosarcoma of the proximal femur by external hemipelvectomy and reconstruction with a pedunculated fillet flap: presentation of a clinical case / Tratamento multidisciplinar do condrossarcoma gigante do fêmur proximal por hemipelvectomia externa e reconstrução com retalho fillet flap: apresentação de um caso clínico

El condrosarcoma forma parte de los tumores primarios malignos más frecuentes. Las localizaciones pélvicas y de raíz de muslo requerirán abordajes amplios con la consecuente dificultad de cobertura de partes blandas. La hemipelvectomía externa es habitualmente el procedimiento de elección para estas localizaciones. Implica la resección de la extremidad inferior en bloque asociada a la hemipelvis ipsilateral, dando como resultado un gran defecto de cobertura. En algunas circunstancias, la extensa resección de partes blandas hace imposible la utilización de colgajos rotacionales locales. La reconstrucción con colgajo tipo "Fillet flaps" ofrece a estos defectos de partes blandas la opción de lograr una adecuada cobertura. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar la resolución de un caso poco convencional de condrosarcoma de fémur proximal y su reconstrucción de partes blandas con un método nunca antes utilizado en nuestro medio.

Chondrosarcoma is one of the most frequent malignant primary tumors. Pelvic and proximal femur locations require extensive approaches with the consequent difficulty of soft tissue reconstruction. External hemipelvectomy is usually the procedure for these locations. It involves total en bloc resection of the lower extremity associated with ipsilateral hemipelvis, resulting in a large coverage defect. In some cases, local rotational flaps are impossible. Reconstruction with fillet flaps offers an adequate coverage for soft tissue defects. The objective of this study is to show the resolution of an unconventional case of chondrosarcoma of the proximal femur and its soft tissue reconstruction with a method never before used in our country.

O condrossarcoma é um dos tumores primários malignos mais frequentes. As localizações das raízes pélvicas e da coxa exigirão amplas abordagens com a conseqüente dificuldade em cobrir os tecidos moles. A hemipelvectomia externa costuma ser o procedimento de escolha para esses locais. Envolve a ressecção do membro inferior em bloco associado à hemipelve ipsilateral, resultando em um grande defeito de cobertura. Em algumas circunstâncias, a ressecção extensa de partes moles impossibilita o uso de retalhos rotacionais locais. A reconstrução com retalhos de filé oferece a esses defeitos de tecidos moles a opção de obter uma cobertura adequada. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a resolução de um caso não convencional de condrossarcoma do fêmur proximal e sua reconstrução de partes moles com método nunca antes utilizado em nosso meio.

Caso Clínico: Uso de Aloinjerto Óseo Estructural en Tumor de Células Gigantes de Fémur / Case Report: Use Of Structural Bone Allograft In Giant Cell Tumor Of The Femur

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tumor de células gigantes óseo es muy raro y controversial en su comportamiento por lo que es predecible. El diagnóstico requiere biopsia previa antes de proceder al tratamiento.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 43 años de edad, mestizo, sin antecedentes personales o familiares de relevancia. Acude a consulta externa de ortopedia oncológica por presentar masa dura y dolorosa con aumento gradual de tamaño a nivel de rodilla derecha, deformidad, limitación funcional y crepitación. EVOLUCIÓN: El paciente fue sometido a biopsia de lesión a nivel de fémur distal derecho con reporte de anatomía patológica de tumor de células gigantes. Se realizó una resección ósea a nivel de tumor y tratamiento mediante colocación de aloinjerto estructural óseo, con un seguimiento de 2 años y obteniendo como resultado funcional una puntuación de 14/15 según la escala de Makin, se evidencio además osteointegración del injerto al hueso autógeno a los 15 meses. No presento infección, ni reabsorción del injerto, ni fatiga del material.CONCLUSIÓN: La cirugía de conservación de la extremidad utilizando los aloinjertos estructurales es una técnica favorable con funcionalidad y osteointegración adecuada, aumentando las expectativas y calidad de vida. Evitando amputaciones, artrodesis o prótesis tumorales cuyo costo beneficio con los años subsecuentes terminan siendo altos y deteriorando al paciente.

BACKGROUND: Bone giant cell tumor (GCT) is one of the least frequent, most controversial and least predictable tumors in its behavior. We present a case of GCT in the lower limb, which implied the distal femur. The diagnosis required a previous biopsy before proceeding with its en bloc resection, and treatment based on bone allograft. CASE REPORT: Male patient of 43 years of age, mestizo, with no relevant personal or family history. He went to the oncology orthopedics outpatient clinic for presenting a hard and painful mass with gradual increase in size at the level of the right knee, deformity, functional limitation and crepitus in that region, which is why he attends his assessment. EVOLUTION:The patient underwent a lesion biopsy at the level of the distal femur with a pathological anatomy report of giant cell tumor. Bone resection was performed at the tumor level and treatment was performed by allografting the bone structural allograft. A 2-year follow-up was performed and a score of 14/15 according to the Makin scale was obtained as functional results. Osteointegration of the graft to autogenous bone was also evidenced. Excellently at 15 months. We did not find infection, graft resorption or fatigue of the material. CONCLUSIONS: Limb preservation surgery represented by structural allografts is a favorable technique with adequate functionality and osteoingration, increasing the life expectancy of our patients and future revision possibilities. Avoiding amputations, arthrodesis or tumor prosthesis whose cost benefit with the subsequent years end up being high and deteriorating the quality of life in the patient.

Tumor fibromixoma lipoesclerosante óseo: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bone liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor: Case presentation and literature review

El tumor fibromixoma lipoesclerosante óseo (TFMLE) fue descrito inicialmente por Ragsdale en 1986, como una lesión fibroósea polimórfica de hueso con una mezcla de elementos histológicos incluyendo lipoma, fibroxantoma, mixoma, mixofibroma, necrosis grasa, osificación isquémica, áreas de displasia fibrosa y rara vez cartílago o cambios quísticos. La localización más frecuentemente descrita es en la región intertrocantérica del fémur. Es un hallazgo en pacientes asintomáticos o bien estar asociado a fractura. Radiológicamente es una lesión lítica, geográfica, de margen bien definido y habitualmente esclerótico, en algunos casos puede observarse mineralización en el interior de la lesión o un cierto grado de expansión en el contorno. Se ha descrito la estrecha relación del TFMLE con la displasia fibrosa por las características histológicas y la presencia de una mutación Gsα, otra hipótesis de la etiología de la lesión incluye la reacción de la displasia fibrosa a la fatiga por estrés.

The bone liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor (LSMFT) was initially described by Ragsdale in 1986 as a polymorphic fibroosseous bone lesion with a mix of histologic elements that include lipoma, fibroxanthoma, myxoma, myxofibroma, fat necrosis, ischemic ossification, areas of fibrous dysplasia, and infrequent presence of cartilage or cystic changes. The most frequently reported location is the intertrochanteric area of the femur. Radiologically it is a lytic, geographic lesion, with well-defined margins and usually sclerotic. In some cases findings include mineralization inside the lesion or a certain degree of expansion to the contour. The close relationship between LSMFT and fibrous dysplasia has been described based on the histologic characteristics and the presence of the Gsα mutation. Another hypothesis of the etiology of the lesion is the reaction of fibrous dysplasia to stress.

Condroblastoma de la cabeza femoral y reconstrucción con aloinjerto osteocondral: Reporte de caso / Femoral head chondroblastoma and reconstruction with osteochondral allograft: Case report

El condroblastoma de la cabeza femoral es un tumor poco frecuente (aproximadamente 1 o 2% de los tumores benignos de hueso), se presenta con mayor frecuencia en pacientes jóvenes de sexo masculino. El condroblastoma es más frecuente en el húmero proximal, fémur proximal, fémur distal y tibia proximal. La cabeza femoral es el tercer sitio más frecuente, No existe un tratamiento específico para esta entidad; se han descrito desde osteotomías acetabulares, injertos osteocondrales, injertos vascularizados de peroné, etcétera, todos reportando buenos resultados. Pero es clínicamente impredecible si no recibe tratamiento. Se presenta un caso que se manejó con aloinjerto osteocondral y la evolución de tres años posterior al procedimiento quirúrgico...

Femoral head chondroblastoma is an infrequent tumor, accounting for approximately 1-2% of benign bone tumors. It occurs more frequently in young male patients. It's most frequent locations include the proximal humerus, proximal femur, distal femur and proximal tibia. The femoral head is the third most frequent site of this tumor. There is no specific treatment for this entity; reported treatments range from acetabular osteotomies and osteochondral grafts, to vascularized fibular grafts, all of them with good results. However, this tumor is clinically unpredictable if left untreated. We report a case managed with osteochondral graft and followed-up for three years after the surgical procedure...

Brown tumors of the femur and pelvis secondary to a parathyroid carcinoma: Report of one case / Tumores pardos de fémur y pelvis secundarios a carcinoma de paratiroides: Informe de un caso

Brown tumors result from excess osteoclast activity and consist of collections of osteoclasts intermixed with fibrous tissue and poorly mineralized woven bone. They are secondary to hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Their incidence is higher in primary than in secondary hyperparathyroidism. We report a 69 years-old male, admitted in a state of confusion, lethargy and bedridden, with a pathological fracture of the femur caused by a brown tumor. The laboratory examination revealed a hypercalcemia (8.85 mEq/L), with high levels of ionized Ca (5.48mEq/L), serum alkaline phosphatases (416 U/L) and serum parathormone (120 pg/mL). Ultrasound examination of the neck showed a large parathyroid tumor, probably corresponding to a carcinoma. A primary HPT was diagnosed. The patient was hydrated and high doses of diuretics and bisphosphonates were administered. After correction of serum calcium and neurologic symptoms, the patient was operated, performing an extensive resection of the tumor. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.

Los tumores pardos son una consecuencia de una actividad osteoclástica excesiva y consisten en osteoclastos mezclados con tejido fibroso y tejido óseo mal mineralizado. Son secundarios a hiperparatiroidismo y más comunes en hiperparatiroidismo primario. Informamos de un hombre de 69 años que ingresa confuso y letárgico con una fractura patológica del fémur causada por un tumor pardo. El laboratorio mostró hipercalcemia de 8,85 mEq/L, fosfatasas alcalinas de 416 U/L y parathormona de 120 pg/mL. La ecografía del cuello mostró un tumor paratiroideo sospechoso de carcinoma. Se diagnosticó un hiperparatiroidismo primario. El paciente se hidrató y estabilizó con diuréticos y bifosfonatos. Una vez estabilizado, se operó efectuando una extensa resección del tumor. El estudio anatomopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de cáncer de paratiroides.

Giant myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma with bone invasion: a very rare clinical entity and literature review / 癌症

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a rare low-grade, malignant soft tissue tumor that is usually observed in the extremities of adult patients. Magnetic resonance imaging findings for this tumor type have rarely been reported. We report a case involving the distal left femur of a middle-aged man and tumoral invasion of the bone, which, to our knowledge, has been previously described only once. He was treated with distal femoral tumor resection and reconstruction with a modular prosthesis. Histopathologic diagnosis confirmed MIFS. We reviewed literature of the diagnostic imaging and bone invasion findings associated with this tumor type.

Biological reconstruction for children with osteosarcoma around the knee

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Limb salvage in children with primary malignant bone tumours around the knee is challenging, with considerations such as shortening, bone and joint remodeling and high functional demands of active children. The ultimate aim for reconstruction is restoring a stable, painless and mobile joint. With improved survival rates from chemotherapy, reconstructive techniques should ideally last the child's lifespan. We adopted a biological approach by preserving the patients' native joint, with bony defects bridged by fibula grafts supplemented by autoclaved bone grafts infused with bone marrow. We conducted this retrospective review to determine if we were able to meet our objectives of reconstruction.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>A retrospective review of children with osteogenic sarcoma involving the distal femur or proximal tibia treated at our institution was done. Patients aged 13 years and below at the time of surgery who had undergone a limb salvage procedure that preserved the knee joint were included.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine patients were identified, 3 males and 6 females. The average age was 10.0 years (range, 7 to 13 years) at the time of surgery. Seven had tumours involving the distal femur while 2 had tumours involving the proximal tibia. There were no cases of local recurrence. Four of the 9 patients died from metastatic disease, the 5 surviving patients have no evidence of disease, and the average follow-up for survivors was 13.2 years. The average active range of motion for the knee joint was 96° (range, 50° to 130°). The average Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score was 26.3 (range, 23 to 30).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have observed this technique of limb salvage offers satisfactory limb function with long-term follow-up.</p>

Asymptomatic metastatic osteosarcoma to the right ventricle: case report and review of the literature

Metastatic cardiac tumors are far more common than primary tumors, and benign primary cardiac tumors are common than malignant tumors. We report a 22-year-old Saudi woman with right femur osteosarcoma who was found to have a large right ventricular mass by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Diagnosis was highly suggestive by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography [FDG PET/CT] scan. We performed a review of the literature for metastatic osteosarcoma of the right ventricle

Primary osteosarcoma distal femur; incidence of pulmonary metastasis detected at the time of diagnosis

This study was designed to estimate the incidence rate of pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma distal femur in a tertiary care hospital. Descriptive case series. Orthopaedic Surgery Unit, Mardan Medical Complex Teaching hospital, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan from March 2011 to September 2012. Nine patients of primary osteosarcoma distal femur were assessed with CT chest for pulmonary metastasis. The frequency and patterns of pulmonary metastasis on CT chest were documented. After the biopsy reports all patients were referred for neo adjuvant chemotherapy before any definite surgical procedure. The histological types of osteosarcoma were noted. Nine patients including 7 male [77.7%] and 2 females [22.2%] with mean age 12.4 years were included in our study. 66.6% [n=6, 5 males, 1 female] had pulmonary metastasis on CT chest at initial presentation while 33% [n=3,2 males,1 female] had no pulmonary metastases on CT chest. Three [50%] patients had pulmonary metastasis in the right lung, 1[16.6%] had on left side while 2[33.3%] had bilateral pulmonary involvement. Of the cases with metastases at diagnosis, 55.5% had osteoblastic histology of osteosarcoma compared with 33.3% of those with non metastatic disease. Majority of osteosarcoma distal femur presented with pulmonary metastasis at initial presentation. A high index of suspicion accompanied by careful examination of the limb and appropriate radiographs at initial assessment may reduce the incidence of such delays in diagnosis and the associated risks

Surgical classification and therapeutic strategy for metastases of proximal femur / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a surgical classification system for metastases of proximal femur and discuss the therapeutic strategy with retrospective analysis and literature review.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 99 patients who underwent a total of 102 operations for femoral metastatic lesions from January 2003 to December 2011 was analyzed. There were 50 males and 49 females, and the median age was 56 years (range 15-87 years). The most common diagnosis was lung cancer (30 cases), followed by breast cancer (17 cases). All femoral lesions were divided into 4 types (I-IV) with different anatomic site and biomechanic characteristic. The patients with various surgical reconstruction mode and postoperative follow-up data were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 65 side who received widely or marginal resection and 37 side who received intralesional resection. The patients were operated with bipolar hip prosthesis (n = 3), ordinary total hip replacement (THR) (n = 10), bipolar tumor prosthesis (n = 48), THR with tumor prosthesis (n = 8), intramedullary nailing (n = 21), and plate/screw (n = 12). The estimated survival for the 99 patients was 10.3 months. Type I, II, III and IV patients with postoperative American Society of bone and soft tissue tumors-93 rating were 86.5%, 77.3%, 81.3% and 69.1%. Patients with type IV were worse compared with the other 3 groups (t = 4.763, P = 0.031). The 10 operations were followed by complications of any kind. Complication rate of patients with type IV were 3/12, and it was significantly higher than the other 3 groups of patients (χ(2) = 4.018, P = 0.045).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The classifications and corresponsive surgical methods for upper femur metastases had some superiority in hinting prognosis and guiding treatment.</p>

Pseudoaneurisma de artéria poplítea secundário a osteocondroma femoral: relato de caso / Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm caused by a femoral osteochondorma: case report

Osteochondromas are the most common benign tumor of the bone. They are sometimes responsible for vascular complications involving either veins or arteries, principally around the knee. Pseudoaneurysms are considered a rare condition. The authors describe the occurrence of a pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery in association with a femoral osteochondroma in a 30-years-old man.

Linfoma primario de hueso con afectación multicéntrica / Primary bone lymphoma with multicentric involvement

El linfoma primario de hueso es una enfermedad infrecuente, que tiene una presentación y evolución diferente a los linfomas de otras localizaciones. Se presenta un caso de linfoma primario de hueso de localización craneana y esternal de rápido crecimiento. En su evolución, realizada la exéresis de la lesión primaria de calota, presentó aparición de nuevas lesiones de rápido crecimiento a nivel craneano y fémur y progresión de lesión preesternal que, con anatomía patológica de linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células grandes B, inició R-CHOPP (ciclofosfamida, doxorrubicina, vincristina, prednisona y rituximab) con rápida disminución de todas las lesiones sin evidencia de progresión al cabo de los seis ciclos.

Primary bone lymphoma is a rare disease, which usually has a different presentation and evolution than lymphomas of other locations. We are presenting a case of primary bone lymphoma of rapid growth, in cranial and sternal locations. In its evolution, once the excision of the primary lesion of the skull was performed, the patient presented new lesions of rapid growth at the skull and femur level, and progression of pre-sternal lesion. With large B-cell diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma pathology, the patient initiated R-CHOPP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab) with rapid reduction of all lesions without evidence of progression after the six cycles.

Multicentric osteosarcoma

Multicentric osteosarcoma is a rare type of osteosarcoma with a poor prognosis. It is usually described as the occurrence of tumorous lesions in more than one bone, but without pulmonary metastasis. It may be of a synchronous or metachronous variety. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with a synchronous variety of multicentric osteosarcoma, although he did not have any risk factors for the disease. We also discuss the current debate on whether multicentric osteosarcoma represents multiple primary tumours or metastatic disease.

Reconstrucción de defectos segmentarios del fémur con aloinjerto óseo intercalar / Reconstruction of segmental defects of the femur with intercalary allografts

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la sobrevida, las complicaciones y los resultados funcionales en un grupo de pacientes tratados con un aloinjerto intercalar de fémur. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 83 pacientes tratados con un aloinjerto intercalar de fémur luego de una resección tumoral primaria. El seguimiento promedio fue de 5 años y la sobrevida del aloinjerto fue determinada con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se registraron las complicaciones y los posibles factores relacionados. La evaluación funcional se realizó con la escala de la Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. Resultados: La sobrevida de la reconstrucción fue del 85 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento 93 a 77) a los 5 años y del 76 por ciento a los 10 años (IC 95 por ciento 89 a 63); 15 aloinjertos debieron extraerse debido a una infección, una recidiva local y 13 fracturas. De un total de 166 uniones del hueso donante-receptor, 22 no consolidaron inicialmente. El índice de seudoartrosis para las uniones diafisarias fue del 19 por ciento, mientras que el de seudoartrosis metafisarias fue del 3 por ciento (p > 0,05). También se observó un incremento en el índice de seudoartrosis diafisarias en los pacientes estabilizados con clavos endomedulares (27 por ciento), mientras que en los tratados con placa fue del 13 por ciento. El porcentaje de fracturas fue del 16 por ciento. El resultado funcional promedio fue de 26 puntos, con un rango de 25 a 30 puntos. Esto corresponde a un miembro con capacidad funcional aceptable y sin dolor limitante. Conclusiones: En esta serie la supervivencia del aloinjerto fue de 85 por ciento a los 5 años y del 76 por ciento a los 10 años. Las uniones diafisarias demostraron mayores índices de seudoartrosis que las uniones metafisarias. Los resultados sugieren que el aloinjerto de fémur es una alternativa aceptable en las reconstrucciones óseas segmentarias.

Reabilitação após endoprótese não-convencional de quadril devido à fratura patológica: realto de caso / Rehabilitation after non-conventional hip endoprothesis due to pathological fracture: a case report

Neste estudo descreveremos a recuperação de um paciente do sexo feminino de 66 anos submetida à reconstrução da articulação do quadril devido a uma fratura patológica. As técnicas de fisioterapia, como exercícios ativo-assistidos e treino de marcha e equilíbrio, são extremamente úteis durante as primeiras fases da reabilitação. Contudo, movimentos de abdução e flexão ativa do quadril são contra indicados nas primeiras seis semanas após a cirurgia para não comprometer as reinserções musculares. Apesar das peculiaridades na reabilitação após a colocação de uma endoprótese não-convencional, estes pacientes podem se beneficiar do tratamento de reabilitação física para atingir uma melhor função.

MR Imaging Findings of a Primary Cardiac Osteosarcoma and Its Bone Metastasis with Histopathologic Correlation

An osteosarcoma of cardiac origin is extremely rare, and a comprehensive description of MR imaging (MRI) findings of cardiac osteosarcoma and its metastasis in the femur have not been reported in the literature. We present a case of cardiac osteosarcoma in a 47-year-old woman and its metastasis to the femur, focusing on the description of MRI findings of the cardiac and metastatic bony osteosarcoma with a histopathologic correlation.

Clinicopathologic features of primary osteosarcoma in elderly patients / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical manifestations, radiologic findings, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve cases of primary osteosarcoma occurring in patients older than 60 years were encountered during the period from 1985 to 2010. The clinical manifestations, radiologic features and pathologic findings were studied and the follow-up data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sites of involvement included long bones (number = 7), ilium (number = 1), craniofacial bones (number = 2) and soft tissue (number = 2). Radiologic examination showed a mixture of osteosclerotic and osteolytic lesions in 10 patients, soft tissue lesions with high-density areas in 2 patients and soft tissue lesions with periosteal reaction in 8 patients. Histologically, most cases showed features of conventional osteosarcoma. There were 2 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like osteosarcoma, 2 cases of chondroblastic osteosarcoma and 1 case of well-differentiated intraosseous osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical study played little role in pathologic diagnosis. Ten patients had undergone amputation, including one patient who had received adjuvant chemotherapy beforehand. Nine patients had follow-up information available. Three of them died of lung metastasis and 1 died of cardiovascular disease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary osteosarcoma rarely occurs in elderly patients and can easily be missed. Correlation with clinical, radiologic and histologic features is important for arriving at a correct diagnosis.</p>

Physicochemical and sustained drug release properties of calcium phosphate cement/amifostine/cisplatin complex and its effect in repairing bone defect due to tumor resection in rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of using calcium phosphate cement/amifostine complex as an new filling material for repairing bone defect caused by tumor resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/cisplatin/amifostine complex was prepared at the mass ratio of 1000:2:5. The setting time, mechanical strength, and porosity of the complex were determined, and scanning electron microscopy and assessment of sustained drug release and inhibitory effect against osteosarcoma cells were carried out. The degradation of the material and new bone ingrowth were also observed in a rabbit model of femoral bone defect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The setting time, strength, and porosity, appearances under scanning electron microscope, and sustained drug release properties of CPC/cisplatin/amifostine complex were identical to those of CPC, and the integration of amifostine in the complex did not affect the cytotoxicity of cisplatin against the osteosarcoma cells. Pathological evidences of the degradation of the material and new bone ingrowth into the material were observed with the passage of time following its implantation into the bone defect in rabbits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CPC/cisplatin/amifostine complex can be used as a filling material for repairing bone defect caused by tumor resection and eliminating the residual tumor cells in rabbits.</p>

Wide resection and arthrodesis of knee using fibular graft in aggressive giant cell tumor of distal femur

This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of resection and massive allograft arthodesis in the management of aggressive giant cell tumor of distal femur. 10 Patients with mean age 37.8 years [30-46] with Giant cell tumor, Enneking stage-Ill of distal femur were treated by wide resection and reconstruction allograft arthodesis using free fibular graft and fixed with suitable hardware from July 1999 to 2008. There were 6 female patients and 4 male. Follow up period ranged from 30 to 65 months with an average of 45.3 months. At the final follow up, functional score ranged from 18-27 out of a total of 30. Average was 80.4%, range 66-90%. At the end of follow up all the patients were alive and disease free. All the patients achieved union. The mean union time was 16.4, ranged 14-20 weeks. Two patients had fall and fractured the graft. We had to do revision and additional cancellous grafting. Later on healed full union was achieved. One patient developed superficial wound infection which was treated with systemic antibiotics. In selected patients of giant cell tumor of distal femur, resection arthodesis of knee using fibular graft is an effective reconstructive method. It offers biological reconstruction alternative to amputation in selected patients where mobile joint reconstruction can not be carried out

Metastatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of proximal femur with uncertain primary site

Although bone metastases can be found commonly in some malignant tumours, diagnosing a primary malignancy site is not a usual event. Secondary signet ring cell carcinoma of the bone is a very rare tumour. We present a case with pure metastatlc signet ring cell carcinoma of the bone, with an uncertain primary site. A 48-year old man was admitted with Rt thigh swelling and inability to walk. One of first diagnostic effort performed was histopathological examination that revealed a metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma, compressing the regional lymphatics. To our knowledge, in Sudan literature, we believe that this case is the first report of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the proximal femur. Because of the very short survival of many patients, all investigational procedures should be judged in view of their rationality, and should be focused on treatable primary tumours